Chiratini
Chiratini (Chingezi: Latin; Chiratini: latīnum, kana lingua latīna) kana Chilatini mutauro wekare uri weBazi reItari yeMitauro yeIndo-Yuropu. Chiratini chakatanga kutaurwa munzvimbo dzakatenderedza Roma, inozivikanwa seRatiyamu (Latium).[1] Kuburikidza nesimba reRipabhuriki yeRoma, wakave mutauro wakakurumbira muItari, uyezve muHumambo hweRoma hwekumadokero, usati waguma wave mutauro wakafa. Chiratini yakapa mashoko mazhinji kuChingezi. Kunyanya, Chiratini (uye Chigiriki cheChinyakare) midzi inoshandiswa mune dudziro yeChirungu dzidziso yeTendero(Chishona; theology), sainzi, mushonga, uye mutemo.
Nhoroondo chinjirudza
Chinyorwa chikuru: Nhoroondo yeChiratini
Nzvimbo yemitauro yePakati peItari (Central Italy) pakutanga kwekuwedzera kweRoma zvikamu zvinoverengeka zvezvakaitika zvemutauro zvakazivikanwa, chimwe nechimwe chakasiyana nemisiyano isinganzwisisike mumashoko, mashandisirwo, chiperengo, morphology, uye syntax. Iko hakuna kwakaomarara uye nekukurumidza mitemo yekumisikidza; nyanzvi dzakasiyana dzinosimbisa akasiyana maficha. Nekuda kweizvozvo, rondedzero ine akasiyana, pamwe nemamwe mazita.
Pamusoro pezvikamu zvezvakaitika kare, Ratini yeChiparidziro (Ecclesiastical Latin) inoreva zvitaera zvinoshandiswa nevanyori veChechi yeMaroma kubva Late Antiquity zvichienda mberi, pamwe nevevadzidzi vePurotesitendi.
Mushure mekunge Hutongi hweMadokero hweRoma hwawa muna 476 uye humambo hweJemeni hwakatora nzvimbo, vanhu veChijemeni vakatora Chiratini semutauro unokodzera kushandiswa zviri pamutemo uye nekumwe kushandiswa.[2]
Mhando dzeRatini
- Ratini Yekare (Old Latin)
- Classical Latin
- Vulgar Latin
- Medieval Latin
- Renaissance Latin
- Ratini Itsva (New Latin)
- Contemporary Latin
Manumeri chinjirudza
Munguva dzekare, numeri muChiratini dzainyorwa chete nemavara. Nhasi, numeri dzinogona kunyorwa neNumeri dzeChiarabhu pamwe nemanumeri echiRoma. Iwo manumeri 1, 2 na3 uye ese mazana akazara kubva pa200 kusvika 900 anodzikiswa semazita uye zvipikisheni, aine misiyano.
| Chiratini | Chiratini | Chishona |
|---|---|---|
| ūnus, ūna, ūnum (vanhurume, vanhukadzi, vese) | I | Poshi |
| duo, duae, duo (vr.,vk, v.) | II | Piri |
| trēs, tria (vr./vk., v.) | III | Tatu |
| quattuor | IIII kana V | Ina |
| quīnque | V | Shanu |
| sex | VI | Nhanhatu |
| septem | VII | Nomwe |
| octō | VIII | Sere |
| novem | VIIII kana IX | Pfumbamwe |
| decem | X | Gumi |
| quīnquāgintā | L | Makumi Mashanu |
| centum | C | Zana |
| quīngentī, quīngentae, quīngenta (vr., vk., v.) | D | Mazana mashanu |
| mīlle | M | Churu |
Iwo manumeri kubva ku4 kuenda ku100 haachinje magumo avo. Sezvazviri muzvizvarwa zvemazuva ano senge Chispanyeri, hunhu hwekutumidza numeri uri wega ndewechirume, kuitira kuti "1, 2, 3" iverengerwe se-ūnus, duo, trēs.