Utongachisi
Utongachisi (nge. geopolitics) kana Hutongachisi, kudhomwa[C 1] kwe chimuko[C 2] chetarachisi ye Rinopasi (zve vanhu ne chimutumbi) wehutonganyika uye wukama hwe madanhadhidhizha[C 3]. Zvisineikuti utongachisi zvinovanzo reva nyika ne wukama huri pakati penyika idzona, zvinoringa futi mhando yemavuso maviri akasiyana: pachidi[C 4] mavuso akazvimirira ane muzivikano wemadanhadhidhizha wakagamuka uye wukama uri pakati pezviro zve nyasi-udhidhizha[C 5] reutongachisi, senge mavuso erubiyana (kana rufedherari) [C 6] anovumba mutandira werubiyana, gumbarubiyana (kana gumbarifedherari)[C 7] uye fanarubiyana (kana fanarifedherari)[C 8].
Mavambo:
chinjirudzaKuChingezi utongachisi unonzi geopolitics, kubva ku Chigiriki-chekare, pamashoko okuti γῆ (gê) 'pasi, chisi, unda', uye πολιτική (politikḗ) 'kutonganyika'.
KuChivanhu shoko rokuti utongachisi ratodza mavambirwo akaitwa shoko rinoshandiswa kuChingezi, richisanganisa wito rokuti 'kutonga' ne bizo rokuti 'chisi'.
Mabviro eruzivo
chinjirudza- ↑ study., to study kureva kudhoma, kudhomwa
- ↑ effect., kureva chimuko
- ↑ international., kureva danhadhidhizha
- ↑ de facto., kureva pachidi
- ↑ sub-national., kureva nyasi-udhidhizha
- ↑ federation., "allied; together"., shoko rokuti rubiyana rabva pakuti "ubiya, mubiya" kureva munhu aneushamwari uye anowiriranwa naye.
- ↑ confederation., kureva gumbarubiyana; kubva paktui "gumbanidza", gumba- kureva kuunza pamwe, kuungana kwe rubiya kana rufedherari.
- ↑ quasi-federation., kureva fanarubiyana; kubva pakuti kufanana, nokuti quasi- zvinoreva "fanike, senge; sokuva"