Uchivanhu
Peji rino rinotaura nezve Chinamato che Chivanhu murizvino, kwete “Tsika ye Chivanhu” kana Huroyi.
Uchivanhu, Uchikaranga (kureva peoplehood; way or path of the people; Shona religion) Chivanhu kana Ukaranga, ndicho chinamato chechishona, chinowanzo sanganiswa netsika dzamazuva ose evanhu chero vatendi vaMwari kana vasingatendi Mwari. Zvinodai nokuti chinamato chacho chinonzi Chivanhu, zvichireva kuti chinamato cheVanhu verudzi rwe chiShona (Vakaranga, Vambire kana Vahungwe kana tichitodza nhoroondo), saka chero munhu Mushona anogona kungoti Chivanhu chakadai zvichiva sezvo, kunyangwe zvisina kufana nechinamato pachivambo chayo.
Uchivanhu itsika uye chinamato, chitendero kana chidaviro chedhidhizha re Vashona pahuwandu hwavo. Unamato une maseti ezvitendero uye zviito, tsika ye chinamato, nzira ye upenyu, kana Hunhu— maitiro echinamato kana urongwa wepasirose unofanhirwa kutoodzwa nevatendi. Huchivanhu hausi chinamato chakakura pasirose unotendwa muZimbabwe bedzi parizvino, asi havasi vanhu vose vanoona Uchivanhu sechinamato chakanaka nekuda kwe Hukoloni.
Horokodzwa yakadzama
chinjirudzaIwo mazita ekuti Uchivanhu kana Uchikaranga akapuhwa kutoodza madaniro anozviita rudzi rwe vatendi. Zera re Uchivanhu chairo harizivikwi, asi une zera rimwechete ne zera re dzinza re vatendi varo, nokuti chinamato chikamu che tsika yavo. Vashona vanonzi vakaumba Umambo we Zimbabwe kudzoka shure kusvika muna 400ce, tikadzokera kuTanganyika (Tanzania), tozoti dzokei kunzvimbo yaive pakati peGipita ne Sudhani tozoti futi Mesopotamia mhiri kwe Bhahari Dzvuku, zvinorakidza kuti chinamato che Uchivanhu chakakwegura kwazvo - hameno kuti ringasvitsane nizvimwe zvinamato zvipi zvinowanikwa pano pasi.
Uchivanhu maitiro okusikwa ekurarama anowanzo oneka muruzhinji rwe ugondamano uye mifungo, maitiro, sistimu ye kozimosi ne zvivakwa, kunyangwe hako kune shayiko ye magwaro akanyorwa anodorongotsa unenaushe (kureva thiyoloji) we chinamato chacho. Nhoroondo yokuravwa iriko hayo uye inotambidzwa mumazera ne mazera, inosanganisa metafiziksi, tsika, uye ruambanhema pakati pezvimwe. Magwaro eChishona anowanikwa muzviravwa senge ngano, madin'a, tsumo ne madimikira uye nhetembo nemitemo inowanikwa munzanga.
Zvidzidziso izvi zvinotodza mutowo wokuudza nyaya, kana madin'a, madimikira uye marimira (mametaforo) uye makudziramukanwa. Ndaba huru dzinowanzo taurwa nezvadzo muUchivanhu iHunhu, Hupenyu, Rufu uye Nyikadzimu.
Tsumo dze Uchivanhu dzinoringa upenyu muuzure, pane tsumo dzinoringa umorali, rugare kana kuchengetedzeka kwe vanhu pakati pedzimwe nhaurwa.
Kuziva ne kuona zvohuroyi hazvirevi kuzviita, sezvinoita zvitendo zvizhinji kana mubhaibheri panotaurwa nezve vanhu vanoita zvitadzo zvakayipisa, Uchivanhu chinotaura nezve ndaba dzezvinhu zvakaipa zvinoitika muupenyu izvi hazvirevi kuti zvirikunzi vanhu vazviite. Zviri nani kufundisa vanhu kuti vanoongorora zvinhu ne njodzi dzinovuya muupenyu, pane kuzvikanga nokuzviitisa, izvi zvinoita kuti vanhu vazofunga kuti zvinozvacho hazvina kushata nekuti hazvina kutaurwa nezvazvo.
Huroyi hwakasiyana ne Un'anga, huroyi unoringa zviito zveuvi uye upipi, asi Un'angwa hunoita nezve tsika, umuti ne ruzivo rwe nharaunda yako. Muroyi anokuroya nekukutuka nehuroyi, asi N'anga inokwanisa kubetsera kuziva kuti ndiani akuroya kana akutuka nehuroyi. Huzhinji hwe zvitendero zveChishona zvinoonekwa sezvakaipa.
Se zvakambotaugwa na Joshua Marara Maponga,
“When the Caucasian man saw the African man kneeled under a tree worshiping God he assumed the African man was worshiping the tree and not under it, hence he saw him as godless.”
Zviro zvovumweya
chinjirudzaMwari
chinjirudzaMwari (Chivhenda: Nwali, Chikalanga: Mwali) kana N'wari (mukusiyana kwemutauronyina) ndiye ano anamatwa muChidaviro cheVashona. Vashona vanotenda kuti Mwari ndiMwari vane rudo, Mwari vane moyo munyoro, Mwari vakanaka uye Mwari vane rupo pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.[1]
Mamwe mazita aMwari:[2]
chinjirudzaChisi
chinjirudzaMusi we Chisi kana Chisingarimwi, waive musi wokupedzisira muvhiki re chivanhu; zvichireva kuti ndiro raive Mugovera wanhasi.
Chisi izuva rimwe revhiki 'rezororo' kana sabata reMashona, vanhu havashande, kana kurima minda yavo. Hapana basa rinoitwa pamusi weChisi.[3][4] Zuva rakatarwa muvhiki, mwedzi kana gore pane iro basa kunyanya muminda raisafanira kuitwa. Yakatumidzwa zvakare Mahakurimwe zvichireva kuti hapana basa muminda raifanira kuitwa pazuva iri.[4]
Chinangwa cheChisi chaive kuti vanhu vakudze madzitateguru aivapa mvura nezvimwe zvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo chaive chemukati memagariro murau wenguva uye raive zuva rechezvekunamata nekuti vanhu vaitora nguva iyi kuti vakudze Mwari futi. Pazuva rechisi vanhu vaikwanisa kuita zvimwe zvinhu nemabasa avanga "vasina nguva" yekuita muvhiki. Kazhinji, yaive nguva yekuzorora, vanhu vaisa fanhira kushanda nenyaya, uye kunywangwe vanhu vaisa namata vaikwanisa kushandisa zuva iri kutonga nguva yavo kuti vaite zvinhu zvakaita se:[4]
- Kugadzirisa imba (huswa hwedenga remba)
- Kutsvaira madzimba (musuwo unotsvairwa mazuva ese)
- Kuwacha nezvimwe wo
- Kuenda kunoona/kushanyira hama
- Kutandara nevamwe kana munhu aishanda mazuva ese
- Kuenda kunoona chirema/murapi
- Kuita svikiro
Nguva manejimendi haina kusiirwa kune vanhu. Chiremera chepakati chaive nevamwe vatauri pamusoro pekuti vanhu vangashandisa sei nguva. Sosaiti pane kuzvisarudzira zvakakosha. Izvi zvaifanirwa kurukwa muchitendero chevanhu kuti vanhu varemekedze mirairo yechisi.[4]
Rudaviro
chinjirudzaVadzimu
chinjirudzaVadzimu vane zvekuita nedzinza remhuri, (vakafa, varipo uye neveramangwana) dzaive mweya yemhuri. Muchinyakare Vashona vaisasvika kuna Mwari zvakananga vaishandisa Vadzimu wavo (madzitateguru akafa uye vanoenda kuna Mwari vakamiririra semweya). Vadzimu vaimwe mweya wakanaka.[3][5] Minato pamuso pezvinhu zvavaida zvaibva kuna Vadzimu (madzitateguru), zvoenda kumweya yeMhondoro, zvozoenda kuna Mwari.[3]
Mhondoro
chinjirudzaMweya dzeMondoro dzaive mweya dzaive nehanya nekugara zvakanaka kwenharaunda yese. Dzaive mweya wedzinza kwete mhuri seVadzimu. Chisi chatsanangurwa pamusoro muchinyakare chaiitirwa mweya idzi (Vadzimu neMhondoro; uye naMwari futi). Chisi chakaenzana neSabata (asi hayisi yechiKristu ndeye Chivanhu).[3][4][5]
Iye zvino vanhu vanonamata kuna Mwari zvakananga uye vanoita Chisi kuna Mwari futi.[3]
Hupenyu neRufu
chinjirudzaNyikadzimu
chinjirudzaNyikadzimu yaitendwa neVashona kuti ndiyo nyika yaiendwa nemweya dzevanhu kana vafa. Izvi zvaiendera nemutendero wavo wekuti vanhu vese vano enderera mberi nehupenyu semweya kana vafa. Asi vaingoenderera semweya munyika inonzi Nyikadzimu.[3]
Dzivaguru
chinjirudzaNgozi
chinjirudzaNgozi dzaive mweya dzinenge dzafa dzisina kururamisira, senge munhu anourayiwa nemumwe kana munhu akatsamiswa asi afa. Vanhu vanofa vasina rugare wozomukira utsive, mweya wavo wainzi ngozi, uye vaimwe nechinangwa chakashata kumunhu kana vanhu vainge vakatsamisa munhu wacho asati afa.[3]
Hupenyu
chinjirudzaMashona vanotenda kuti Hupenyu chipo chinobva kuna Mwari, uye vaitenda kuti ndicho chinhu chakakokesha munhu chaanacho. Saka paitorwa hupenyu hwemunhu nguva yake isati yauya (kuurayiwa), munhu amuka semweya weutsive unonzi Ngozi.[3]
Shave/Shavi
chinjirudzaShave kana Shavi kuVashona mweya wemunhu asiri wemhuri. Iwo mweya unofamba famba kana munhu asina kuvigwa zvakanaka. Saka zvino, mweya wacho unodzungaira kudzamara yawana svikiro kana inomiririra mairi yainozviratidza kuburikidza. Pamusoro pezvo Vashona vanotenda kuti chero ani zvake anopindwa neshavi anowana unyanzvi hweshavi paraive richiri mupenyu. Unyanzvi hawakaita se:[3]
- Shavi rekuyimba
- Shavi rekutamba
- Shavi rekuvhima
- Kuvachiremba nezvimwe wo
Nekuti shavi rinogona kushata nekunaka shavi rakashata rinobudikidzwa sezviri pazasi:[3]
- Shavi rekuroya
- Shavi rekuba
- Kurwara kusingatsanangurike
- Kufa
- Mamiriro ekunze ane hukama
- Mhirizhonga, kana kurwa
Vashona vanotenda futi kuti mweya wemukadzi une hutsinye kupfuura mweya hwemurume. Saka zvinoreva kuti shavi remunhukadzi rinenge rine hutsinye, kana kuti rinoomesa hupenyu hwemunhu warinenge rapindira kudarika remurume.[3]
Kuchenura, kuzodza, kunamata, kufungisisa, munyama, romborakanaka, jambwa,
Miitiro
chinjirudzaMiitiro (kureva rituals) paushoma tinoti umuitiro.
Udorongodzwa hwe miitiro ye Chivanhu nezvimbo yayo muchinamato che Uchivanhu.
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a
Mabviro eruzivo
chinjirudza- ↑ Chidester, David (2012-04-23). Wild Religion: Tracking the Sacred in South Africa. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520951570.
- ↑ Chidester, David (2012-04-23). Wild Religion: Tracking the Sacred in South Africa. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520951570.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 Mtapuri, O & Mazengwa J. P,Ndira 2013 'Of spirituality and poverty: A Zimbabwean cultural perspective', Indo-Pacific journal of Phenomenology. Vol.13 n.1 Grahamstown. Yakatariswa: 9 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Mapanzure, 31 Chivabvu 2016, 'Chisi', Yakatariswa: 9 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Guruve, h.z, 'The Shona spirit world' African cultur spirit world. Yakatariswa: 6 Chikumi 2021