Chindeya
Chindeya (kuChingezi: Planet) kana zvindeya pahuwandu, muzvidzidzo zvinoti: taranyika; jekanyika; fundoyetsimba, izita rinomirira mitumbi inopoterera zuva. Nyeredzi imwe neimwe ine boterero rainofamba mariri ichipoterera zuva.
Zvindeya zvinosanganisira mitumbi inoti: Nyamatsatse (Mercurius)[1][2]; Hweva (Venus)[1][3][4]; Rinopasi (earth); Murongazuva (Mars)[1][5]; Vhenekeratsvimborume (Jupiter)[1][6]; Chirema (Saturnus)[1][7]; Rivusamatenga (Uranus) neNyn'aimamushana (Neptunus). Izvi ndizvo zvindeya zvine maboterekwa anopoterera zuva ratinoona rinobuda nokunyura panyika yatigere. Kubatanidzwa kwezvindeya idzi pamwe nezuva kunodanwa muChishona kunzi Mutandiro weMushana (kureva solar sytem kuChingezi) iro shoko rokuti mushana richimirira zuva ratinozambira panyika.
Mutumbi we Njondi (pluto) waimboverengerwa sechindeya asi zvakazoshandurwa neKubatana kwePasirose kweZvechadenga (IAU; International Astronomical Union). Iye zvino Njondi yave kuverengerwa sechindeyana kana nyedzana.
Zita chinjirudza
Zvindeya kana chindeya izita rino mirira mitumbi dzemuchadenga dzino poterera Zuva. Zvindeya zvinodanwa nemazita akasiyana se Nyeredzi, kana Zvichadenga.
Chirevo che: Chindeya chinjirudza
Iro shoko rekuti chindeya rinobatanidzirwa nezvikamh zvezvifundo zvakasiyana, senhoroondo, ruambanyeredzi, sainzi neruambangano. Pasingaverengerwi chindeya chedu chatigeremo (Rinopasi) pane zvindeya shanu zveMutandiro weMushana zvinovonekwa neziso pacharo (ziso risina kupfeka kana kushandisa chidongorahweva). Ngepamusaka pezvo, munhoroondo zvindeya zvemuchadenga chedu zvakambokudzwa zvikanamatwa muchikare, kunyanya kuVarungu (Magiriki neMaroma pakazhinji).
Nyanzvi dzeboka re Kubatana kwePasirose kweZvechadenga (KPZ) dzakabvumirana mugore raZvuruzviviri-netanhatu (2006) kutsigira mutsananguro wezvekuti; chinhu chekudenga chinotorwa sechindeya chinofanhira kunge chichiita zvinhu zvitatu zvakanyora pazasi:
- (potsi) chinofanhira kunge chichipoterera zuva mukutenderera kwacho
- (piri) kana morekyuri ne gunganidzo zvakaringana kusvika pakuvamba chiro chakaita sedenderedzwa
- (tatu) kana chiri chinhu chikuru chinopoterera uye mukukura kwacho chinokonzeresa kubviswa kwe zvimwe zviro zvemuchadenga munzira meichona.
Tsananguro iyi yakasarudzwa nevhoti kunyangwe vamwe veZvemuchadenga vasina kubvumirana nazvo wo. Mvumirano yechisarudzo ichi ndiyo yakakonzeresa kubviswa kwa Njondi muzvikamh zvezvindeya zvarizvino, kunyangwe chaive chichivonekwa sechindeya muzana remakore apfuura. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva kune zvimwe wo zviro zvemuchadenga zvinodanwa zvakare kunzi "zvindeya" kunyangwe zvisingakwanise kuita zvinhu zvitatu izvo zvose.
Mazita eZvindeya chinjirudza
Muchiverenga rangarirai kuti mamwe mazita ezvindeya muChishona haasati asikwa, kana kushandiswa muzvikoro uye mumaturiro amazuva ose. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe mazita amuchawana pano achiri makarakadzo, ndikosaka pachishandiswa mazita eChingezi. Zvakadaro, mazita ezvindeya muChishona anowanikwa mutafura iri pazasi:
| Chindeya | Mamwe mazita | Chingezi | ChiBantu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nyamatsatse[2] | Nyamasase; Nyamatsatsi | Mercury | Utaridi (Chiswahiri)[8] |
| Hweva | Muchikare mamwe mazita edzimwe nyeredzi aive mazita aHweva.
Asi zvinonzi zve, kubuda kwenyeredzi dzagona kunge dzaisanganiswa. Zvisinei, mamwe mazita aHweva anosangansa: Gweva, Hwevera, Gwevera, Matsatsi, Matsatse, Masasi, Masase, Marinda, Nhanda |
Venus | Zuhura/Ng'andu (Chiswahiri)[8] |
| Rinopasi | Earth | Dunia (Chiswahiri)[8] | |
| Murongazuva | Mrongazuva | Mars | Mirihi (Chiswahiri)[8] |
| Vhenekeratsvimborume[6] | Musvimborume | Jupiter | Mshtarii (Chiswahiri)[8] |
| Chirema | Chiremera | Saturn | Zohali (Chiswahiri)[8] |
| Rivusamatenga | Yuranisi
Muronzamatenga |
Uranus | Uranus (Chiswahiri)[8] |
| Nyn'aimamushana | N'aimamushana
Nyavusamadzi Mubwimi Mubwimamushana |
Neptune | Neptun (Chiswahiri)[8] |
Mifananidzo ezvindeya chinjirudza
-
Hweva -
Rinopasi -
Murongazuva -
Vhenekeratsvimborume -
Chirema kana Chiremera -
Rivusamatenga -
Nyn'aimamushana kana Nyavusamadzi
Zvindeyana muChishona chinjirudza
Njondi chaive chindeya asi chakabviswa muraya rezvindeya ikatumidzwa kunzi chindeyana (kureva dwarf planet). Mamwe mashoko eChivanhu anoshandisa shoko iri: chatemanjonda (kureva plutocracy). Zvimwe zvindeyana zvinozivikanwa zvinosanganisa: Chirisa (Ceres), Makemake, Hẋaumeya (Haumea), Erisi, 90377 Sanha, 50000 Kwawaa, 80482 Shoromi, 225088 Gon'on'u ne 120347 Chai.
Nhoroondo chinjirudza
Hweva chinjirudza
Zita rekuti Hweva ndiro rega raakushandiswa kumirira venus munguva inoyi. Kare kare, Hweva aive namazita akawanda, nekuti ndicho chindeya chaionekwa kazhinji kudarika zvimwe zvindeya. Mamwe mazita aHweva aive:[4]
- Nhanda
- Hweva kana Hwevera
- Nyamatsatsi kana Nyamatsatse
- Nyamasase kana Nyamasasi
- Marinda
- Vhenekeratsvimborume[4]
Mazuvano mazita aHweva aakushandiswa kudana nyenyedzi dzese dzinooneka nesizo risina kupfeka, kwete Chiremera naNeputoni chete. Izvi zvakakinzerwa nekuti mazita aHweva aiwanzo mirira kana kureva 'nyenyedzi inooneka' (visible star), kunyanya zuva parinenge rabuda. Asi zvindeya zhinji zvinooneka pasina mwenje, uye nepasina zuva rakanyanya kujeka.[4]
Ruambangano neMazita chinjirudza
Ruambangano inyaya dzisiri chokwadi, kana nyaya dzekare kare kunyanya nyaya dzaitendwa kudhara dzisisa tendwe mazuvano. Mundoto dzeMashona yezve kusikwa kwezvinhu, Hweva ari apakati, iye nemamwe mazita ake ese.
Mashona chinjirudza
Mwari chinjirudza
Kuti nyaya yaHweva inzwisike munofanhira kuziva Mwari weMashona.
Mashona vanovimba kuti pakutanga paive naMwari, uye Mwari chete pachake. Vashona vanotenda kuti Mwari ndiMwari vane rudo, Mwari vane moyo munyoro, Mwari vakanaka uye Mwari vane rupo pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Zvakanaka kuzivisana kuti Mashona vanoti Mwari havazi murume kana mukadzi, asi munguva ino yatirimo Mwari anotendwa kunge murume, achiwanzo kudanwa kuti Baba kana Baba vedu.
Chitendo cheVashona chakanaka zvekuti, uye Mwari wedu ndiMwari chaiye, taingo muziva wo zvakasiyana neVarungu.
Pamusoro pezvo, Vashona vanotenda kuti Mwari ndiye musiki wezvinhu zvese, vachigara kumudana vachimuti Musikazvese (Creator of all) pakati pemamwe mazita avanomudeedza navo. Mamwe aMwari kubva kuMashona anonzi; Musiki; Musikavanhu, Nyadenga uye Tenzi.
Zivai kuti Mwari izita reVashona kwete remaKristo, uye rinoshandiswa wo nevaya Vashona vanonamata chitendero chezvinyakare. Izita raivepo kubva munguva yeUmambo hweZimbabwe uye, munguva yeUmambo hweMutapa futi. Makristo vakauya ndokubva vangori shandisa wo muBhaibheri nekuti ndiro raizivikwa neMashona.
Ngano yaHweva chinjirudza
Pakutanga, Mwari akasika Mwedzi mudziva rakadzika rinowanzonzi Dzivaguru. Mwedzi akakumbira kugara pasi kwete kuva mumvura. Mwari ari Mwari ane nyasha, uye achida zvaakasika akabvumira kuti Mwedzi agare pasi. Nekudaro, paakangove pasi Mwedzi akasurukirwa, kunyangwe Mwari vakazviona izvi. Mwari pavakaona kusurukirwa kwaMwedzi, vakafunga zvakange zvisina kunaka kuti ave ari ega. Saka Mwari vakatora Hweva (nyeredzi yekuseni) kubva mudenga vakamutumira pasi kunaMwedzi. Ipapo Hweva akazove mukadzi waMwedzi, asi Mwari vakayambira Mwedzi kuti mushure memakore maviri aifanira kuzomudzosera kudenga. Mwedzi akanzwisisa ndokubvuma. Saka iye naHweva vakagara vese makore maviri, uye panguva iyi Hweva akabereka zvese zvinomera zveRinopasi. Pasina nguva, makore maviri akasvika pakupera uye Mwedzi aifanhira kudzosa Hweva kudzokera kudenga. Mwedzi akazaze kuzviita, asi akadzosa mukadzi wake kudenga sezvaakange arairwa naMwari.
Rangarirai kuti Hweva izita rinomirira chindeya kana nyeredzi inonzi venus muChinezi.
Hweva paakange aenda Mwedzi akatanga kunzwa kusurukirwa zvekare, uyezve Mwari akanzwa kusuruvara nekuda kwake. Kusuruvara kwaMwedzi kwakakurudzira Mwari kuti vatore kubva mudenga nekutumira Vhenekeratsvimborume (nyeredzi yemanheru) paRinopasi kuti ave naMwedzi. Uye zvakare zvakare Mwari akaudza Mwedzi kuti achamudzosera kudenga mushure memakore maviri. Mwedzi akabvuma, saka Vhenekeratsvimborume akagara naye. NaMwedzi Vhenekeratsvimborume akazvara, kutanga kuzvirimwa zvinomera zvipuka neshiri, uye akazvara futi vakomana nevasikana. Pakupedzisira, makore maviri akauya, uye Mwari akaudza Mwedzi kuti adzose Vheneka kudenga zvekare. Mwedzi akaramba. Pazuva rakatevera racho, Vheneka akazvara nyama dzinodya dzimwe; se shumba pamwe chete nezvinyavada nezvimwe wo zvikara.
Iyi ndiyo nyaya yaHweva[9]. Zvekare rangarirai kuti Hweva aive nemazita akasiyana, nekuda kwekuti aionekwa munguva dzakusiyana dzezuva. [9]
Hunhu hwevamwe chinjirudza
Chiratini chinjirudza
Chiratini chinoshandiswa nemimwe mitauro yekuYuropu kugadzirisa mashoko akawanda enyika zhinji. Kunyangwe Chingezi chinotora mashoko kubva kuChiratini. MuChiratini Zuva (nyeredzi) rinonzi Sol uye Mwedzi unonzi Luna. Mashoko akaita se-Solar system (kubva pana Sol) ne Lunar eclipse (kubva pana Luna) anobva kumashoko eChiratini. Mazita ezvindeya anodanwa sezvakadai:
- Nyamatsatse ndi-Mercurius
- Hweva ndi-Venus
- Rinopasi ndi-Terra (Mashoko ekuti terrestrial (MuRinopasi) kana extraterresrial (kunze kweRinopasi) anobva kushoko iri).
- Mrongazuva ndi-Mars
- Vhenekeratsvimborume ndi-Iupiter
- Chirema ndi-Sartunus
- Rivusamatenga ndi-Uranus
- Nyn'aimamushana ndi-Neptunus
- Njondi ndi-Pluto
Indiya chinjirudza
Indiya inoshandisa mtandira wakavakirwa paNavagiraha, iyo inosanganisira zvindeya zvinomwe zvechinyakare (Surya ndiZuva, Chandra ndiMwedzi, Budha ndiNyamatsatse, Shukra ndiHweva, Mangala ndiMrongazuva, Bṛhaspati ndiVhenekeratsvimborume, uye Shani ndiChirema) uye kukwira nekudzika kwemwedzi (ma lunar nodes) kunonzi Rahu (mukwidzo-wemwedzi) na Ketu (mudziko-wemwedzi).
Chayina chinjirudza
Chayina nedzimwe nyika dzirikumabvazuva eEzhiya dzinehukama huri pedzyo ne Chayina, senge Japani, Koriya Chamhembe ne Vhiyetinamu dzinoshandisa zita rekutumidza mazita kubva pazvinhu zvishanu zve Chichayina: mvura (Nyamatsatse), simbi (Hweva), moto (Mrongazuva), huni (Vhenekeratsvimborume) uye pasi (Chirema).
Vuarabhu chinjirudza
MuChiarabhu, Nyamatsatse ndi عُطَارِد (ʿUṭārid, yakabatana na Ishtar / Astarte), Hweva ndi الزهرة (az-Zuhara, "inopenya", zita remunamatwikadzi Al-'Uzzá), Rinopasi ndi الأرض (al-ʾArḍ, kubva pamudzi mumwechete se eretz), Mrongazuva ndi اَلْمِرِّيخ (al-Mirrīkh, zvinoreva kuti "museve usina mapapiro" nekuda kwekudzokorora zve), Vhenekeratsvimborume ndi المشتري (al-Muštarī, "yakavimbika", kubva ku-Akkadian) uye Chirema ndi زُحَل (Zuḥal, "mudyari").
Chiswahiri chinjirudza
Chiswahiri chinotora mazita ezvindeya kubva kuChiarabhu, ine mamwe mazita anobva kuChibanthu, zvindeya zveChiswahiri zviri sezvakanyorwa pazasi.[8]
- Nyamatsatse ndi-Utaridi richibva kushoko reChiarabhu rekuti عُطَارِد (ʿUṭārid)
- Hweva ndi-Zuhura richibva futi kushoko reChiarabhu الزهرة (az-Zuhara) rinoreva kuti "inopenya"
- Rinopasi ndi-Dunia, asi rimwe zita rekuti Ardhi rinobva kuChiarabu ndi الأرض (al-ʾArḍ)
- Murongazuva ndi-Mirihi kubva kuChiarabhu اَلْمِرِّيخ (al-Mirrīkh) richireva kuti "museve usina mapapiro"
- Vhenekeratsvimborume ndi-Mshtarii richibva kuChiarabhu zvekare, المشتري (al-Muštarī) rinoreva kuti "yakavimbika"
- Chirema ndi-Zohali richibva futi kushoko reChiarabhu rekuti زُحَل (Zuḥal) rinoreva kuti "mudyari".[8]
Mazita aRivusamatenga na Nyn'aimashuna haabvi kuChiarabhu, anobva kuChiroma.
Ruambanyeredzi chinjirudza
Tarisai peji re: Zvindeya muRuambanyeredzi
Kurerutsa Mutauro chinjirudza
- Chindeya (revolving object) zvinotaura chinhu chinopoterera sezvinoita Rinopasi richindeya muboterero rakakomberedza zuva.
Zvakanaka kuwonesana kuti izwi rokuti chindeya haritaurwi semashandisiro ariri kuitwa pano kuShona inodzidziswa muzvikoro. Kana Shoko ririmnani rabuda, Shoko rokuti chindeya rinokwanisa kushandurwa.
- Nyamatsatse, Vhenekeratsvimborume, Chirema, Rivusamatenga na Nyn'aimamushana ese mazita anobva kuChirungu nekuti mazita eChishona haasati akuzivikwa, mashoko eChishona akawanikwa mashoko aya achashandurwa.
Mitauro ye Chibanthu chinjirudza
- Chiswahiri - shoko rekuti Sayari rinoreva kuti Chindeya.[8]
- Chigwere shoko rekuti Senendo rinoreva kuti Chindeya
- Chizulu vanoti indonsakusa vachireva Hweva
- MaZulu vanoti indonsamasuku (chirevo; "chinounza mambakwedza") vachireva hweva.
- Chirotse - Lilungwe (n. Hweva - nyeredzi yekuseni). Kune rimwe izwi rokuti Sikupamulalelo.
- Chingala - Monzɔ́tɔ mwa malíli vachireva kuti Chindeya.
- Chiganda - Alina embugo bbiri vachireva kuti Chindeya.
- Chitsonga
- Gongomela (n. Nyamatsatse).
- Mahlahle (n. Hweva) - zvichida vanoreva Nyamatsatse?
- Misava (n. Rinopasi).
- Makolotswani (n. Mrongazuva).
- Makulani (n. Vhenekeratsvimborume).
- Ntavasi (n. Chirema).
- N'wakhubyanyana (n. Rivusamatenga).
- N'wakhatini (n. Nyn'aimamushana).
Mabviro eruzivo chinjirudza
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 F.W.J McCosh (et. al), n.d, 'The Rhodesia Native Affairs Dept. Annual for 1979',The African Sky; Planets. Yakatariswa: 6 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vashona, 29 Zvita 2018, 'Nyamatsatse', Zita: Kirasi 9, Manyika-Zezuru. Yakatariswa: 5 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ Vashona, 8 Nyamavhuvhu 2019, 'Hweva', Duramazwi, Zita: Kirasi 9, Sitandadhi Shona. Yakatariswa: 6 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Zimbaoriginal, september 30 2019, 'Cultural astronomy of the Shona: Interperting how the moon, stars, and planets are perceived',The stars and the planets. Yakatariswa: 5 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ Vashona, 30 Chikunguru 2021, 'Mrongazuva', Duramazwi, zita: kirasi 3, Sitandadhi Shona. Yakatariswa: 6 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Vashona, july 30 2015, 'Vhenekeratsvimborume',dictionary, noun: class 9, standard shona
- ↑ Vashona, 4 Mbudzi 2019, 'Chirema', Duramazwi, Zita: Kirasi 7, Zezuru. Yakatariswa: 6 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 Vawedzeri veWikipidhiya, (4 Gunyana 2020), 'Sayari', Sayari za jua letu. Yakatariswa: 5 Chikumi 2021
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Mavhu F.W. Hargrove, 12 Chivabvu 2018, 'Guest voices: Shona creation story', Cosmos diary. Yakatariswa: 6 Chikumi 2021